The extent of the upgrades, enhancements, and modifications to the F-16 are extraordinary, as they have introduced new, paradigm-changing performance parameters, weapons capability, electronic warfare (EW), and advanced sensing.
For example, the F-16 has recently received F-35 technology such as an Active Electronically Scanned Array radar capable of simultaneously tracking as many as 20 targets.
F-16: Flying Through the Years
As far back as 2019, Air Force weapons developers said the F-16 had received massive structural upgrades to its upper wing skin and fittings, upper and lower bulkhead, and canopy sill longeron. These adjustments extended the service life of the F-16 by as many as 4,000 flight hours by increasing its ability to operate from 8,000 flight hours to as many as 12,000 flight hours.
U.S. Air Force modernization experts have described this Service Life Extension program as 12 structural modifications called a Time Compliance Technical Order. Part of this included upgrading F-16 radar systems from mechanically scanned radar (APG-68) to an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) (APG-83).
Lockheed F-16 weapons developers have also said the aircraft was getting new computers, software, targeting technology, and cockpit displays to ensure it remained cutting-edge and capable against advanced 4th-generation threats. As part of this effort, Lockheed even engineered a new “V” variant of the F-16, which continues to generate allied interest around the world with added missile warning systems, EW, and helmet-mounted cueing technology.
F-21 for India
The F-16 “V” model, in development for several years now, has greatly informed the emerging Indian F-16 jet fighter variant called the F-21. Based on a series of Lockheed innovations, the F-21 incorporates a few technologies unique to India, such as electronic warfare weapons and something called Triple Missiles Launcher Adapters, which arm the aircraft with 40 percent more air-to-air weapons when compared with standard or previous F-16.
India is now working with Lockheed and the Pentagon to set up the industrial infrastructure to support building the plane.
The F-21’s new Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, developers explain, not only basically doubles the radar range but also draws on recent innovations such as the Navy’s Infrared Search and Track (IRST) targeting technology. Engineered first on a Navy F/A-18, IRST is a passive, long-range sensor that can track multiple targets simultaneously in a “jamming” or electronic warfare threat environment and support precise air-to-air targeting.
Also, the U.S. Air Force F-16 has integrated, cutting-edge “collision avoidance” technology into the F-16, computer-enabled technology, which can take over and “fly” the aircraft to avoid collisions in the event that a pilot is incapacitated or injured.
Years ago, former Air Force acquisition military deputy Gen. Arnold Bunch told 19FortyFive that this collision avoidance has already saved lives. For example, if a pilot pulls too many “Gs” and becomes unconscious, collision avoidance will steer the aircraft away from other airplanes, terrain, or other objects.
Kris Osborn is the Military Affairs Editor of 19FortyFive and President of Warrior Maven – Center for Military Modernization. Osborn previously served at the Pentagon as a Highly Qualified Expert with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army—Acquisition, Logistics & Technology. Osborn has also worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks. He has appeared as a guest military expert on Fox News, MSNBC, The Military Channel, and The History Channel. He also has a Master’s Degree in Comparative Literature from Columbia University.
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