Summary and Key Points: The U.S. Navy’s next-generation F/A-XX fighter promises significantly greater combat range—around 955 miles—than the Super Hornets it replaces.
-Yet, concerns remain whether this increased reach is sufficient against China’s formidable DF-26 anti-ship ballistic missiles, which threaten carriers from over 3,000 miles away.

At sea aboard USS John C. Stennis, December 18, 2001 – After an early morning round of flight operations, an F/A-18 Hornet awaits the next round of combat flight operations aboard the USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74). Stennis and her embarked Carrier Air Wing Nine (CVW-9) are supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Jayme Pastoric
-Unlike the Air Force’s larger, land-based F-47, Navy jets face strict carrier deck size constraints, limiting their potential size and fuel capacity.
-The Navy’s solution: the MQ-25 Stingray drone tanker, capable of dramatically boosting combat radius. Ultimately, defeating China’s missile threat will require coordinated joint efforts involving land-based assets, ensuring carrier groups remain effective yet protected.
F/A-XX and the China Challenge
The US Navy’s next-generation fighter has yet to be revealed, but we know one thing: it will fly and fight farther than current fighters. The F/A-XX fighter will have a combat range of nearly 1,000 miles, more than the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighters it will replace.
But is that enough, given China’s long-range anti-ship missiles that threaten America’s carrier fleet?
F/A-XX Needed More Range
The F/A-XX fighter is slated to be the Navy’s first sixth-generation fighter and the first carrier-borne sixth-generation combat aircraft. The fighter, capable of both fighter and attack missions, will replace newer F/A-18E/F Super Hornets not already replaced by the F-35C Lightning II.
Once the purchase is complete, the air wing should transition from an all-Hornet wing to a mixed F-35C and F/A-XX force. Both Boeing and Northrop Grumman are in the process of building their vision of the jet, a decision which is expected soon.
Few details are known about F/A-XX. One detail reported by Breaking Defense is that the aircraft will have greater range than the Super Hornet. Rear Adm. Michael Donnelly, director of the Air Warfare Division for the Chief of Naval Operations, told attendees at the Sea Air Space expo that the jet would have a range “probably” 125 percent of “what we’re seeing today,” giving the embarked carrier air wing “flexibility [and] operational reach.”
Donnelly did not specify which aircraft he was comparing with, but a reasonable assumption is that he used the F-35C as a benchmark. As the carrier-borne version of the F-35, the F-35C has the longest range of all three Lightning II variants.

F/A-XX. Image Credit: Creative Commons.
According to the 2023 DoD Selected Acquisition Report on the F-35, the -C variant has a combat range of 664 nautical or 764 statute miles. Combat range is typically defined as the distance an airplane can travel with a munitions load to accomplish its mission. The definition can change among the air forces of different countries. The range also depends on the mission, assigned fuel, and munitions, so it’s an imperfect benchmark.
If the F-35C has a combat range of 764 miles, a F/A-XX with a combat range 25 percent greater would equal approximately 955 miles.
That combat range falls short of what analysts think the Navy needs. The Navy needs an aircraft with a long enough range to “out-stick” China’s People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force. However, the PLARF’s longest-range missile capable of dealing serious damage to carriers, the DF-26 anti-ship ballistic missiles, has a 3,100-mile range, and it is unlikely that any carrier-based aircraft could allow a task force to strike DF-26 launchers with impunity. Unlike its Air Force counterpart, F/A-XX will face a hard ceiling on how far it will fly.
One of the most significant differences between the Navy’s F/A-XX and the Air Force’s F-47 (previously the Air Force’s NGAD) fighter is that the Navy’s jet must fit on a carrier flight deck. The F-47, operating from expansive bases with a luxurious amount of tarmac to park jets—and take off and land—can grow as large as is feasible. Today’s jets must be stealthy from the get-go, with all fuel and munitions stored inside the fuselage.
Weapons and drop tanks stored outside the fuselage on the wings and pylons increase a jet’s radar signature. This results in fifth- and sixth-generation fighters carrying fewer munitions than their fourth-generation predecessors, with little prospect of increased range or weapons without growing physically bigger.
A Nimitz or Ford-class aircraft carrier typically embarks around 70-75 aircraft at once, including 40-44 strike fighters, with an upper limit of around 90 aircraft. The F/A-18E/F Super Hornet is 60 feet long, while the F-35C is 51 feet long. Although carriers have supported aircraft as large as the 77-foot-long A-5 Vigilante, the A-5 largely served as a reconnaissance aircraft, and no carrier embarked more than a half dozen or so at any given time.
In addition, a stealth aircraft designed for greater internal volume would typically be wider than a non-stealthy aircraft, making for a tighter fit on the carrier flight deck and ship’s hangar. All this means the twenty or so F/A-XX fighters that will call a carrier home will face size constraints their landlubber F-47 counterparts will not. This difference, in turn, will limit their unrefueled range.
What Happens Now?
If the Navy wants to increase the range of its strike fighters, it can’t make them bigger. The solution is to produce a dedicated tanker, and the Navy started work on that nearly a decade ago.
The MQ-25 Stingray unmanned aerial vehicle is the Navy’s first carrier-based drone, and the service wisely plowed its first effort into a tanker that can support the entire air wing rather than a long-range fighter or strike aircraft.

MQ-25. Image Credit – Creative Commons.
The MQ-25 can carry 15,000 pounds of fuel, while the F-35C’s internal fuel tanks can store up to 20,000 pounds. This capability suggests that one tanker supporting one fighter can extend an F-35’s combat radius by 75 percent to a total of 1,337 miles.
The MQ-25 will similarly boost F/A-XX’s combat radius well over 1,000 miles.
Even with tanker support, it is unlikely that an aircraft carrier will be able to bomb China’s longest-legged missiles without risking attack. It may be that other assets, such as land-based cruise missiles or long-range bombers, will have to attack DF-26 missile sites.

China’s missile testing range using a cut out of an aircraft carrier. Image Credit: Creative Commons.
This asymmetric response involves less risk to the carrier while opening up future opportunities for it to contribute to the campaign with its F/A-XX fighters. The fighters, in turn, bring capabilities land-based missiles and bombers don’t have.
This is the essence of jointness, the ability of the armed services to support one another towards a common goal mutually. The new Navy fighter won’t have the range of a ballistic fighter, but it won’t disappoint.
About the Author: Kyle Mizokami
A 19FortyFive Contributing editor, Kyle Mizokami is a defense and national security writer based in San Francisco. His work has appeared in Popular Mechanics, Esquire, The National Interest, Car and Driver, Men’s Health, and many others. He is the founder and editor for the blogs Japan Security Watch, Asia Security Watch, and War Is Boring.

Zhduny
April 10, 2025 at 8:01 pm
Night and day, or day and night, US admirals and generals are falling over themselves on how to kick down china’s front door, not realising or worrying their proposed endeavour would not only greatly endanger their military personnel, but the entire civilian population of nearby countries.
China today has in its hands a missile/rocket arsenal more awesome than the one possessed by the USSR during its heyday, and yet the US military wants to have a go at china, a la pearl harbor.
What did hillary Clinton say in 2013. “We’ll ring china with missile defense.” “And we’ll put more of our ships there.”
In 2014, china began testing its WU-14 hypersonic weapon. By 2019, the system was ready for deployment. In the form of DF-ZF 17.
In the coming great lunge at the big front door, whether over taiwan, scs, spratly, or any other whipped up issue or perceived problem, the US military is expected to employ 6th-gen aircraft on chinese target, which means the PLA gonna hit US air bases, whether they are in okinawa, guam or missouri as well as the tiptop US $13bil aircraft carriers.
With df rockets and missiles.
That would end up with washington employing tactical nukes in retaliation for all the strikes.
So, the question of having 1,125 mile-range strike aircraft seems a bit ‘incongruous’ when compared to the extremely inevitable use of nukes in the coming pacific fight.
Doyle
April 11, 2025 at 8:55 am
Alas for your 600 pound gorilla he has no kill chain. As to whipped up issues, I’ll leave that to your and your CCP BFFs.
chrisford1
April 11, 2025 at 6:10 pm
China has no “kill chain”???
How delusional can you be??
Letsgobrandon
April 10, 2025 at 10:40 pm
Will the coming great pacific clash between PLAAF fighters and USAF/USN fighters be a remake of the battle of Britain 1940.
Will it be like Chinese spitfires versus American messerschmitts.
During the famous battle of Britain, messerschmitts were lacking in operational range having only a maximum of ten minutes flying time over London.
So, in the coming pacific clash, will it be china fighter command versus american ngad/fa-xx fighters.
No, it would definitely be china rocket force versus American LRSO & HACM nuke-tipped missiles. In 2029-2030.
Doyle
April 11, 2025 at 8:56 am
except HE-111s didn’t have stand off weapons, so not need to fly over “London”.
One-World-Order
April 10, 2025 at 11:36 pm
By the time of the (beginning of the) onset of ww3 in the western pacific, the US Navy could find itself blindsided by the very rapid progress of technology.
Make no mistake; the chinese forces today are making super-duper advances in latest military technology at a fast clip, being held back only by the vainglorious ambitions of their dumb leader xi jinping.
Xi has wasted billions and more billions, cultivating failed relationships, dead-end deals and useless massive overboard bribery.
Had those countless billions gotten funneled into the chinese military, its shock-and-awe spacebombers and FOBS gliders would be operational now, today, not after 2030.
Still, they should be able to come up with something truly nasty to blindside the highly vaunted US Navy. End of Navy.
Finito for the pac forces !
securocrat
April 11, 2025 at 12:46 am
Here’s a list of latest hotshot warfighters coming into service or expected to enter service in time for ww3.
1) F-35, J-20, Su-57 (5th gen)
2) Tempest, GCAP, PAK DP, F-47, F/A-XX (6th gen)
3) X-37B, CSSHQ (7th gen)
4) FOBS waverider (8th gen)
5) HTHL spacebomber (9th gen)
1 & 2 have limited range, while 3, 4 and 5 are long-ranged or super long-ranged.
404NotFound
April 11, 2025 at 1:42 am
F/A-XX jets taking off from US aircraft carriers stationed off guam aren’t the only serious military threat china faces in the future.
(The distance from guam to china mainland is about 1,800 miles or about 3,000km.)
There’s the AUKUS subs that australia has ordered.
According to the former aussie defense minister, dutton, the subs would be able to range far right up to hainan island and even the taiwan strait if necessary.
And according to former UK defense minister, ben wallace, britain and its allies (presumably its anglo-world lackeys) would find themselves in conflict with china by 2030 because of beijing’s nefarious work building artificial islands in the south china sea.
Thus china today MUST work hard, VERY HARD, to ensure it will confidently overmatch the combined might of US Navy, australia Navy, new zealand Navy, canada navy, royal Navy and probably the south asia navy during the expected war in the western pacific.
Otherwise, it’s gonna be truly a day of final total reckoning for the people.
chrisford1
April 11, 2025 at 6:28 pm
Taiwan is 68 miles off China and China can concentrate all it’s military on it, and the S China Sea, if pushed. The US would be at massive logistical disadvantage, given the carriers we banked on for 80 years started becoming obsolete in the late 90s.
And given the US is 100 times further away.
And given the US agreed to I China 50 years ago and has no treaty with Taiwan.
And given we can’t out build China militarily and given the Russians proved our unbeatable gold-plated weapons were beatable, and not even enough to supply a limited war.
And given, speaking of our useless NATO “allies” – none would be willing to fight China on the other side of the world for the Neocons and MIC moneygrubbing or “magic chips only Taiwan can make”.
PS – CHinese shipbuilding is 232 times that of the US and the 3 small white nations.
China is going to take Taiwan. It was Taiwans idiocy 70 years ago to refuse to go independent. Declaring instead there was One China and it would be Taiwan and Freedom! that would eventually run all China. So they signed the One China Treaty in 1972. The US signed too, after counseling Taiwan to go independent because China would rise and dominate in decades. So any interference is held by most of the world to be messing in China’s Internal Matters.
Commentar
April 11, 2025 at 2:19 am
Mike Donnelly and his chohort might want to think twice before using his nice f/a-xx jets against china cuz any such move would quickly and very speedily degenerate into a nuclear bout.
The world might tolerate US-made f-16 jets pummeling hospitals ,schools, ambulances, civilian shelters and places of worship in Gaza.
But the PLA defense forces aren’t likely to show similar patience and tolerance.
US-made jets taking off to hammer the eastern coast of china would likely set off retaliatory strikes by PLA using nuke-capable df-26 and newer df-27 missiles.
Df-26 has a range of up to 3,000 miles and df-27 4,500 miles. What then. Nuke War !
bobb
April 11, 2025 at 8:01 am
What kind of engines will the future f/a-xx use.
Pratt & Whitney or rolls Royce or general electric.
Or snecma.
Snecma turbo-fan engines are the best ones for the f/a-xx if range is the top priority.
But US navy isn’t likely to select a foreign option. This means the f/a-xx jet will require use of tanker aircraft to fly from Guam to the fabled china coast.
Without tankers, the f/a-xx will plop straight into the water after flying only three-quarters of the journey.
bcspace
April 11, 2025 at 9:52 am
Perhaps the F/A-XX utilizes external tanks to further extend its range, plus a tanker refuel, and then drops the tanks as it approaches the combat zone.
TrustbutVerify
April 11, 2025 at 11:31 am
I think one point is that you can tank TWICE with refuelers, inbound and outbound (with a different extraction vector than your ingress). So the range can be greatly extended. I would suggest it would be a good idea to do an extended service life extension for one or two Nimitz carriers – keep them in reserve rather than retiring them – and use them as MQ-25 carriers (with a defensive squadron) in time of war. You’ll have at least two carriers in maintenance or turn around, so their crews should be available to man them.
As to China’s missiles, the point has been made about the kill chain but we also have questions about their actual functional capabilities, given the physics and rapid development. It wouldn’t be the first time Russia and China made wild claims about capabilities that were very exaggerated.
As to the comments about “attacking China”, this will only happen AFTER China has launched attacks on US assets and interests. So, at that point, we’ll be beyond being threatened by nuclear blackmail. MAD works both ways and just limits you to conventional opertions vs an overmatch capability with a nuclear threat to a non-nuclear foe.
Finally, I think FA-XX will have the adaptive/variable cycle engines – Pratt & Whitney NGAP or GE XA-100. Next phase (7th Gen) will be the turbine-based combined cycle hypersonic engines from Hermeus or others.
RTColorado
April 11, 2025 at 11:31 am
Another nonsensical article about an aircraft no one knows anything about but everyone has an opinion on. Let’s rework the old tale about blind men describing an elephant, we’ve all heard it. Except this time, there’s no elephant in the room…just an artist’s rendering on an elephant that the artist has never seen but was described to him by an engineer who had an idea of what the elephant might look like and mind you…this is just a one-dimensional artist rendering tacked to the wall. Now the blind men (excuse me, the sight challenged individuals) are brought into the room and they put their hands on this artist’s rendering and then give 1945 their opinion of the F-47 Fighter…and voila…we have an article.
SSQII 1000 Ship Navy 2018
April 11, 2025 at 11:41 am
The only advantage to the F/A-XX in the mix would be more competition in the first line fighter field, but assuming NG wins the development contract (LM is already out, Boeing just got the F-47 devcon) it is somewhat redundant to its role in building the B-21, with wide opinion being that more B-21’s should be produced. I would go one further and challenging NG to come up with a cheaper fat airframe tanker to satisfy the forward line NGAS requirement, especially one that would use the tri-stream turbojets of the near future, an engine that will need to be worked into the B-21 assuming they did not already incorporate a 2:1 bypass F135 with waivers on certification.
The F-55 Blackcat as I have taken the liberty to name in advance, would enjoy the low by-pass power of improved F414 engines and improved reliability they provide in a naval environment, nor would it be advisable to increase range beyond a thousand nmi because the fighter would tend to get fat with fuel, but that appears not to be the case regardless. It appears jammed up in the Navy’s lack of clear strategic planning.
As a higher priority, rather than challenging the PRC up front, go after its global shipping fleet by redirecting the worthless MLR’s to seize the ships as war prizes, which would require a division sized force to do regardless. Destroy the real estate assets of the PRC’s thousand billionaires, the Communist Party’s rule is not an eternal fact of life for China. Strength to weakness applied iteratively to greatest advantage, an eternal military principle, something that seems lost to the braintrust.
Returning to the front door, a flying wing drone with forward swept outer wing panels for lower drag and better missile evasion maneuverability, powered by a 2:1 or tri-stream F135/F136 variant, could carry 4-6 1500nmi cruise missiles to launch 1500nmi from the carrier, maxing out strike range as well as the roughly 100,000lb limit of carrier aircraft; the same aircraft could tank with lots of fuel, as well as operate forward of B-21’s as a heavy offboard payload platform.
The same airframe block should occur to LM’s F-35, an XL planform with improved engines, tailless with blown inner surfaces for stealth, maneuver, and STOSL improvement, two strike length bays, drop the A/B/C variants for this D, given the scale of redesign it might make sense to re-designate it as the F-51 Corsair/Mustang X3—the lifecycle fuel savings will pay for this development.
Roger
April 11, 2025 at 2:06 pm
The DF-26 isn’t the threat to worry about out sticking with carrier aircraft. It’s the DF-17 and DF-21, that would be the primary long ranged threats. Those have a range considerably less than the DF-26 (which is for targeting Guam, Japan, etc…., not ships). Considering that no F/A-XX has been chosen (or even flown, that we know of), it’s a bit premature to discuss range limitations. That 125% range capability vs current aircraft, is a very very generic number. Additionally, when it comes to combat radius estimates, there are a lot of assumptions to unpack. What’s the mission? What’s the mission/flight profile? What’s the routing factor? What’s the reserve/divert fuel percentage? What’s the station time? What are the assumptions about aerial combat/afterburner usage? A combat radius estimate for fleet air defense, will look very different from a CAS mission, or one launching cruise missiles, etc…. Even if we use the 664 nautical miles figure of the F-35C (which is a very conservative number), and the 125% number, that works out to 830 nautical miles (955 miles). MQ-25s can extend that number another 500 miles (~1,455 miles). The JASSM-ER has a range of ~600 miles, and JASSM-XR is expected to have a range over 1,000 miles. Using the most conservative numbers, that means the F/A-XX can threaten targets between ~2,055 miles to ~2,455 miles from the carrier. If we use less conservative numbers (LM/USAF F-35A pilots have said that the combat radius is closer to 700-900 nautical miles depending on the mission. That puts the F/A-XX at between 1,006 miles to 1,295 miles + 500(MQ-25) =1,506-1,795 miles. With JASSM-ER – 2,106 mile reach. With JASSM-XR – 2,795 mile reach. If the factor turns out to be more than 125%, that further increases the carrier’s reach. China doesn’t have the ISR assets to maintain the continuous coverage needed for targeting. The ballistic/cruise missiles are only as good as the sensors and network, providing them targeting data.
MZed
April 12, 2025 at 12:01 am
I can’t read anymore of this..
Fact: US carriers do not have, haven’t had for some time and will not have in the future the “reach” to allow them to be considered a strategic asset for our country vs. a peer competitor. Nor are they an instrument for destroying nasty little pirate lairs as in the Houthis.
Fact: Taiwan? An aggressor makes calculations for the success of an attack; the defender’s job is to make that calculation as fraught as possible. If Taiwan had reversed engineered even the old Harpoon: emplaced 1000 of them in concrete casements in the mountains, that calculation would be… well, near incalculable.
But they didn’t. Kind of reminds me of what Bismarck said about the Balkans not being worth the bones of a single Pomeranian Grenadier.
I think that given a good shove by the CCP Taiwan will just fold their cards (and chips) and welcome their “brothers” from across the straits. Nor do I think any of our regional allies will join us in an existential enterprise like this for the prize, if prize it be.
We don’t need more ships, what we need is Son Of Rickover, everything else is empty editorial.
Rick
April 12, 2025 at 9:03 am
Aren’t jet fighters irrelevant now? Send 50 drones after a fighter jet and I would think one of them would take it down. How is a fighter jet going to take out 50 or more drones? And 50 drones are a fraction of the cost of a jet, and you don’t lose any pilots.
LtColMark JohnsonUSMCret
April 12, 2025 at 12:19 pm
Great 👍 information! Thanks for your time and effort to keep us informed! Bravo Zulu!
Sum guy
April 12, 2025 at 1:22 pm
Since the article is about range…
I read elsewhere that the XX has a range of 1700 miles.
Mando
April 12, 2025 at 1:28 pm
You know the people who run the navy aren’t stupid. They are not going to do a fun assault in the teeth of China supposed best defense. If I’m the US Air Force in 80 I send a 15 eagle with Andy satellite missile to take down China’s sea surveillance satellite carrier battle group even in 15 minutes can move 5 to 10 miles. They are not easy to locate plus I would park the four Ohio class submarines that I’ve been turned into guided missile carriers at six 700 Tomahawk off the coast of China use those to target Chinese soft targets radars airfield I mean no sub and fire off 700+ muscles Then I park a carrier battle group in the Indian Ocean and wait till China starves
CFM
April 12, 2025 at 1:39 pm
The number of communist propagandists writing comments here is astounding.
The fear runs deep with the communists, so we know they’re weak.
CFM
April 12, 2025 at 1:54 pm
The US already has fully functioning & viable missile defenses to protect bases, carriers, fleets, & the mainland US. Hypersonics are therefore all hype at this point. FA/XX doesn’t need to outdistance the DF-27 etc., they just need to put a little more distance in there as a safety factor.
B21s will be capable of annihilating CCP China should they invade Taiwan like they have Hong Kong in violation of their agreements upon turnover by GB. CCP has already breached agreements with the west, making their word meaningless. They steal tech, & their word means nothing.
The rest of the world doesn’t need CCP China. China needs the rest of the world – but they still haven’t learned how to behave like a 1st world nation – they act like they’re still 3rd world, at least they have a 3rd world mentality – which makes them dangerous, should they ever attain military superiority. Therefore, that can never be allowed to happen.
300+ B21s on the horizon…
Mark
April 12, 2025 at 10:59 pm
At the end of the day China is a weak sister. Any country that needs an army of Tokyo Roses to go onto western media sites to spread propaganda and talk about how strong their country is – is only hiding the fact that they are really crumbling
JB Books
April 13, 2025 at 8:39 am
If Carriers are so vulnerable and outdated. Then why is China feverishly building them as fast as they can. China isn’t the only one with long range missiles. One thing I learned during my time in the military is. When the world is aware of what equipment the U.S. military has. It’s because they’re are allowed to know. It’s the stuff we don’t know about that’s cutting edge. And rightly so. When the U.S. reveals something it’s because we already have something way better.
EatatJoes
April 15, 2025 at 8:55 am
You’re not ever going to get a 3,000 NM carrier based fighter jet. So, the range “deficiency” is irrelevant.