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Summary and Key Points: The F-35 Lightning II remains controversial due to its high lifetime cost of approximately $2.1 trillion over 94 years. -The...
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An executive order issued on 13 August 2026 directs the Navy to replace the electromagnetic launch system on the fourth Ford-class carrier with steam...
Canada's Army modernization strategy, Inflection Point 2025, states that the Army's sole remaining armoured regiment has a single squadron of tanks that are both...
In April 1997, President Roman Herzog told Germany it needed a Ruck — a jolt — to break out of national lethargy and undertake...
The Eastern Flank Deterrence Initiative emerged from US Army Europe and Africa and NATO's Allied Land Command as a concept for restoring deterrence by...
For all the talk of spending targets, the Ankara NATO summit's real work happened elsewhere. Europe is being handed responsibility for NATO's conventional defense...
Western analysts fixate on North Korea's missiles. The real danger is speed — a mass artillery-and-missile salvo in the war's first hours, backed by...
The second Trump administration is reviewing America's military footprint in Europe, and the worst-case outcome is a full withdrawal. Andrew Michta argues that would...
The US-Iran Memorandum of Understanding is being judged on whether it cools tensions in the Persian Gulf. Strategic-studies scholar Andrew Michta argues that's the...
Brazil acquired the 37-year-old French aircraft carrier Foch in 2000 for a reported $12 million, renaming it Sao Paulo. On May 17, 2005, a...
Sejjil Missle: Solid fuel means no fueling before launch, which shortens preparation and makes the launchers harder to catch. It is road-mobile, reportedly costs...
On March 21, 1984, the 80,000-ton carrier USS Kitty Hawk struck the Soviet nuclear attack submarine K-314 in the Sea of Japan. When the...
The Khorramshahr-4 is one of the most powerful and technically ambitious medium-range ballistic missiles in Iran’s arsenal.
Of the 1.5 billion barrels in emergency stocks, the IEA cannot order the commercial half released, leaving governments under a billion. The American reserve...
The Houthis have no warships. It doesn't need any. A blockade holds if shipowners and insurers decide the passage is not worth the risk,...
Washington redirected 55 commercial vessels away from Iranian ports as of Sunday, up from 35 a week earlier, while the Kpler intelligence firm counted...
Supply boats bring food and water. Wages arrive late or not at all. A union leader likens it to imprisonment, and one Indian sailor...
Dr. Michael Rubin argues that Israel's targeted killing campaign against Palestinian militants a quarter of a century ago ultimately produced two decades of relative...
Since Khamenei took over in March, Iran's Supreme National Security Council has had three secretaries. Ali Larijani was killed in an airstrike a few...
Iran's strategy is to drag the war out. James Jay Carafano argues that protraction is the only card the IRGC holds, and that Trump...
Trump calls the strait "sort of open." Iran calls the arrangement "a new and different model." Last June, vague wording in a similar deal...
Iran's Shahab-1 came from the Scud-B and reached 300km. The Khorramshahr, derived from North Korea's Musudan, reaches 2,000km — a 6.7-fold increase in reach.
North Korea has roughly 60 nuclear weapons and Kim Jong-un keeps demanding an exponential increase. Bruce Bennett works the problem backward, from Kim's objectives...
Xi's first Pyongyang visit in seven years, a ratified Russia pact, and a declaration that the arsenal is permanent: Andrew Latham on why the...
Last year North Korea's newest destroyer rolled over at its own launch, and the world assumed the program was finished for years. Instead Pyongyang...
Summary and Key Points: The F-35 Lightning II remains controversial due to its high lifetime cost of approximately $2.1 trillion over 94 years. -The...
Summary and Key Points: The .38 Special revolver is a classic choice for self-defense, valued for reliability, simplicity, and effective stopping power. -Key models...
![Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken meets virtually with the AFL-CIO Executive Council, from the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. on July 9, 2021. [State Department Photo by Ron Przysucha/ Public Domain]](https://www.19fortyfive.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Joe-Biden-Africa-600x337.jpg)
![Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken meets virtually with the AFL-CIO Executive Council, from the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. on July 9, 2021. [State Department Photo by Ron Przysucha/ Public Domain]](https://www.19fortyfive.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Joe-Biden-Africa-100x100.jpg)
On May 11, 2025, Albanians will head to the polls to elect a new parliament. If Prime Minister Edi Rama, head of the Socialist...
Summary and Key Points: Ukraine has lost another F-16 fighter jet, resulting in the death of skilled pilot Captain Pavlo Ivanov. The incident marks...
The U.S. Navy’s next-generation SSN(X) attack submarine could become stillborn in the crib without more buy-in from naval brass and lawmakers. It is looking...
