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Voyager 2 is one of the greatest engineering achievements in history. Launched in 1977, it visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune before sailing on...
When the Soviet Union sent two probes plunging into the atmosphere of Venus in December 1978, they carried an instrument named "Groza," the Russian...
In the 1950s, American engineers set out to build the ultimate weapon: a nuclear-powered cruise missile that could fly almost indefinitely, cross oceans, and...
Exploring Venus is extremely challenging. A landing probe or lander must withstand crushing pressure, with atmospheric pressure roughly 90 times Earth’s, equivalent to being...
On March 1, 1982, a Soviet probe named Venera 13 settled onto the surface of Venus and did something no spacecraft had done before:...
"Venus is a Russian planet." That is what the head of Russia's space agency declared in 2020, and the West largely laughed it off....
Everyone is fixated on Mars. But there is a closer world, and a stranger idea. The surface of Venus is hot enough to melt...
NASA's path back to Mars in the 1990s was also its strangest. Instead of firing thrusters to set the spacecraft down gently, engineers wrapped...
Alpha Centauri sits roughly 4.37 light-years from Earth, making it the closest star system to our own. In astronomical terms, it may seem like...
In the summer of 1979 the United States dropped a 77-ton space station out of the sky and could not say where it would...